三大诀窍搞定托福阅读长段落！

　　托福阅读考试中的文章往往阅读量较大，但是同时时间也是十分有限的，对于学生托福词汇和练习的要求很高，在阅读文章中，长段落是非常常见的，那么我们应该如何应对长段落这一难点呢？今天就为大家分享解题技巧！

　　为什么会出现长段落？

　　1.句子长

　　句子主干可能非常简单，但会加入定语从句、状语从句、插入语等修饰信息，来对主干进行扩充解释，导致一句话就是三四行甚至更长。

　　2.细节、解释的信息多

　　作者一般会围绕主旨进行细致的展开，用大量细节或例子来支持自己的观点，或是运用对比、因果等论证方式使论证更充分，导致托福段落变长。

　　如何提高长段落的阅读效率？

　　1、提高长难句的阅读能力，快速识别句子主干

　　2、利用逻辑词识别句间关系，做信息归纳与预判

　　3、通过段落的思维导图，分析句间逻辑关系

　　案例分析

　　案例1

　　以TPO42-2 Explaining Dinosaur Extinction为例，这篇文章仅3个段落，每段话都较长。我们就以首段为例来看看如何运用结构阅读法快速阅读段落，提取段落核心信息。

　　原文：

　　Dinosaurs rapidly became extinctabout 65 million years ago as part of a mass extinction known as the K-T event, because it is associated with a geological signature known as the K-T boundary, usually a thin band of sedimentation found in various parts of the world (K is the traditional abbreviation for the Cretaceous, derived from the German name Kreidezeit). Many explanations have been proposed for why dinosaurs became extinct.For example, somehave blamed dinosaur extinction on the development of flowering plants, which were supposedly more difficult to digest and could have caused constipation or indigestion—except thatflowering plants first evolved in theEarly Cretaceous, about 60 million years before the dinosaurs died out. In fact,several scientists have suggested that the duckbill dinosaurs and horned dinosaurs, with their complex battery of grinding teeth, evolved to exploit this new resource of rapidly growing flowering plants. Othershave blamed extinction on competition from the mammals, whichallegedly ate all the dinosaur eggs—except thatmammals and dinosaurs appeared at the same time in the Late Triassic, about 190 million years ago, and there is no reason to believe that mammals suddenly acquired a taste for dinosaur eggs after 120 million years of coexistence. Some explanations(such asthe one stating that dinosaurs all died of diseases) fail becausethere is no way to scientifically test them, and they cannot move beyond the realm of speculation and guesswork.

　　解析：

　　这段话看似很长，但其实只有6句话，我们可以通过识别句子主干及句间逻辑来进行快速阅读。

　　第一句：dinosaurs rapidly became extinct ….，即恐龙在某个时期灭绝了。

　　第二句：句子不难，即提出了很多原因来解释恐龙灭绝。熟悉托福阅读套路的学生在读到这里的时候一定会非常敏感地预判到后面会举例各种解释恐龙灭绝的理论。果不其然，第三句开始就出现了for example，开始给前面的many explanations举例子。

　　第三句：some引出第一种理论，即恐龙灭绝是因为出现了开花植物，但后面出现在except that就暗示这个理论应该是存在问题的。

　　第四句：in fact表递进，说明是在进一步解释前面这个理论存在问题。

　　第五句：others引出第二种理论，即恐龙灭绝是因为与哺乳动物竞争，但同样出现了except that，说明这个理论同样存在一定问题。

　　第六句：some explanation引出其他的一些解释也是失败的，因为不能进行科学地测验。

　　思维导图：

　　如果用思维导图的形式呈现，结构会更清晰。

　　总结：利用结构信号词进行层次划分

　　通过上述分析，我们发现只要打好长难句的基础，并利用好for example，others，some explanations这些结构信号词将这个长段落进行层次划分，就会使阅读更加清晰，也会大大降低生词对我们的阅读干扰。

　　案例2

　　这种结构阅读法对于修辞目的题而言也尤为有效，例如这篇文章的第一题：

　　题目：

　　In paragraph 1, why does the author include a discussion of when flowering plants evolved?

　　A. To help explain why some scientists believe that the development of flowering plants led to dinosaur extinction

　　B. To cast doubt on the theory that the development of flowering plants caused dinosaurs to become extinct

　　C. To suggest that dinosaurs were able to survive for as long as they did because of the availability of flowering plants

　　D. To emphasize that duckbill dinosaurs and horned dinosaurs were the first dinosaurs to become extinct

　　解析：

　　我们发现题干的定位词是when flowering plants evolved，而题目问的是为什么要提到这个信息，回文中定位到这个信息出现在except that后面，则可以从逻辑角度推测提到这个信息一定是为了反驳前面的理论，即开花植物导致恐龙灭绝这个理论是存在问题的，对应B选项。

　　总而言之，在平时阅读过程中要不断提高识别长难句主干的能力以及对段内逻辑关系词的敏感度，建议多做段落的思维导图，分析句间逻辑关系，从而提高段落阅读效率。

　　以上就是托福阅读长段落的应对技巧，希望大家根据自身情况制定合理的复习计划，同时小编提醒大家，在备考中千万不能忽略语法和词汇的重要性！如果想要了解更多关于网上托福考试、托福口语网课的信息，可以在线咨询我们或添加客服微信kewo11！