IB经济真题的分享与解析!
来源: 互联网 时间:2020-09-21 14:49:32 浏览量: 1413 作者: IB
对于IB经济的备考,考生要坚持不断的练习,这样你的的基础水平才能获得提升。然而有效的练习方法就是对于IB真题的练习。今天小编就为大家带来了一道IB经济真题的分享与解析!
(a) Explain how welfare loss may result from monopoly power. [10 marks]
(b) Discuss the effectiveness of government policies (legislation and regulation) to reduce monopoly power. [15 marks]
审题与分析
本题的考点从(a)部分来说,集中在两点,一是Monopoly,二是Welfare loss。(b)部分则集中在Gov policies, effectiveness和 Dicuss。
依照这一分析,(a)部分应从monopoly的市场结构入手,分析monopoly所带来的welfare loss。(b)部分则延续(a)部分对Welfare loss的讨论,分析Gov regulation将会对Consumer surplus和Producer Surplus的影响,并作Evaluation
参考答案
(a)部分
Answersmay include:
• definitionsof welfare loss, monopoly power, allocative efficiency marketfailure
• theory of the firm: monopoly market structure explaining how price ishigher and output lower due to barriers to entry, allowing loss ofproductiveand allocative efficiencyat profit maximising output
• diagram to show the above, highlightingwelfare (deadweight) lossundermonopoly
• examples of welfare loss under monopoly.

(b)部分
Answersmay include:
• definitionsof monopoly power and legislation (anti-monopoly, anti-collusion, merger prevention etc.) andregulation(lower prices andlarger quantities for consumers, fair prices for natural monopolies)
• theory of how a monopolist'scontrol of price or output might be reduced bylegislationor regulation in the interests of the consumer
• diagram to show acomparison of monopoly and perfect competition;diagram to illustrate price regulation showing monopoly charging a pricewhich is equal to average cost
• examples of legislation, regulation, and also other solutions such asnationalization, privatization and trade liberalization
• synthesis andevaluation(discuss).
答题小结
这类分析题在回答时,有几个要素是不可缺少的:
在题目出现Dicuss或者Evaluate的部分,必须要作Evaluation,可能是Positive side+Negative side,也可能是Advantages+Disadvantages。
必须有Analysis部分,在分析时,往往需要用到相关的Theory,如本题中的social welfare分析,进一步分解为consumer surplus和producer surplus。Analysis可能还会涉及画图,以及相关的举例。这些分析如果联系现实往往不难回答,如中国大陆最近滴滴打车和UBER的合并,毫无意外,合并后产生的实质性垄断行为将会降低market efficiency,2016/8/17的新闻显示,中邮已经决定入股合并后的滴滴(国企的最爱呀)。
Definition,该定义的地方不能懒。
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