ALevel化学​反应机理16个必备定义

　　ALevel化学 Organic chemistry中比较难理解的就是反应机理（Mechanism）。有机化学中常见的反应像取代反应，消去反应，加成反应，酯化反应，水解反应，氧化反应，还原反应，缩合反应等等，既多且难区分。下面小编为大家总结了反应机理16个必备定义哦！

　　1

　　Functional group

　　a group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of an organic compound.

　　2

　　Homolytic fission

　　the splitting of a covalent bond where each atom retains one electron from the bonding pair.

　　3

　　Heterolytic fission

　　the splitting of a covalent bond where one atom retains both electrons from the bonding pair.

　　4

　　Free radical

　　an uncharged molecule with an unpaired electron.

　　5

　　Initiation

　　an initial chemical reaction which triggers further reactions.

　　6

　　Propagation

　　a secondary reaction where there is no net gain or loss of free radicals.

　　7

　　Termination

　　the final step in a chain reaction where a reactive intermediate is rendered inactive.

　　8

　　Nucleophile

　　a molecule or substance that donates electrons.

　　9

　　Electrophile

　　a molecule or substance that acts as an electron pair acceptor.

　　10

　　Addition

　　a reaction where two or more molecules react to form a larger molecule.

　　11

　　Substitution

　　a reaction where an atom or group is replaced by another atom or group.

　　12

　　Elimination

　　a reaction in which two substituents are removed from a molecule in a mechanism with one or two steps.

　　13

　　Hydrolysis

　　the splitting up of a compound or molecule using water.

　　14

　　Condensation

　　the formation of a compound with the release of water.

　　15

　　Oxidation

　　the formation of a compound with the release of water.

　　16

　　Reduction

　　gain of electrons.

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