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在A-level考试中，A-level物理是大家喜爱的一个理科课程，它的学习以理论和实操为主，想要学好物理，理论和实验的学习都不能放松，那么今天小编要为大家分享的知识点就是简谐振动。
▍Oscillation振荡。
指某一可观测量的值关于中心值（常为平衡点）往复变化，或可观测量在两个态或多个态之间往复变化，常指随时间的变化。常见的例子是单摆和交流电，振荡也常称作振动。
完成一次完整的机械振动所用的时间叫做一个周期 time period, T. 单位是秒。
Ifanumberofoscillationsareinvolvedwecanworkoutthetimeperiodbydividingthetotaltimetakenbythenumberofoscillationscompleted:
如果题中给出一个包含很多次振荡次数的时间，那么周期就是：
Thefrequency, f,单位时间内完成振动的次数，单位是赫兹hertz (Hz).
Thefrequencyandtheperiodcanthereforeberelatedas:
周期与频率的关系：
Thedisplacementof an oscillating particle is the distance the particle has been moved from its equilibrium position.
一个振动质点的位移就是距离其平衡位置的距离。
Theamplitudeof an oscillation is the maximum displacement of the vibrating object from the equilibrium position (its usual position).
振幅就是指点质点距离其平衡位置的最大距离。
Note:Alwayscheckthex-axisonthegraph,
asitiseasytoconfusewavelengthandtimeperiodondiagrams!
▍Simple Harmonic Motion 简谐运动。
Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)is a particular type of oscillation. It is useful because its time period stays the same even when its amplitude changes.
是最基本也是最简单的一种机械振动。当某物体进行简谐运动时，物体所受的力跟位移成正比，并且力总是指向平衡位置。
LetsthinkaboutasimpleexampleofSHMtoworkouttherelationshipbetweendisplacement,velocityandacceleration:
◆ 思考下面这个简单的简谐运动模型的例子，这将有助于我们进一步理解SHM.
Now remember that displacement, velocity and acceleration are all vectors, and as a result, direction is important. Let's choose anything in theup-wardsdirection to bepositive, anythingdownwardsto benegative.(If you decide to do the opposite, it doesn't matter - just stick to your choice.)
记住，简谐运动中，位移，速度，和加速度都是向量，方向的选择也是尤为重要的。让我们选向上为正方向，向下为相反方向。
Ifwesetthissystemoscillatingbyliftingthemassandlettingitgo,thenthesystemstartswith:Maximumpositivedisplacement(becauseit'sabovethemiddle).
如果我们事先已经把弹簧下面的物块拉离平衡位置，那么整个物理系统此时处于的位置就是最大位移。
Zero velocity(it's not moving at the first instant).
此时，速度为零。
Maximum negative acceleration(because it is about to start moving down).
但是拥有最大的加速度，指向为负方向。
The interaction below shows how velocity and acceleration change in simple harmonic motion. It shows the relationship between velocity and acceleration. The displacement, velocity and acceleration of the mass are related as shown above. To draw these, think about what the object is doing at each point as it oscillates from the start position described above.
下面的相互作用力示意图展示了速度与加速度在简谐运动中如何变化，也就是速度与加速度，位移与速度和加速度与质量之间的关系，为了准确理解，我们就需要知道这个质点在每一点的运动规律与离开开始位置的距离。
As it passes through the equilibrium position on the way down it's at maximum speed down (negative), its displacement is zero and because the spring is at its equilibrium position, there is no resultant force on the mass so it is not accelerating.
质点移动到平衡点位置时，位移为零，速度达到最大，不受力。
At the bottom, the mass stops momentarily as it changes direction, so velocity is zero. The displacement is a maximum in the negative direction, so the acceleration is a maximum in a positive direction as the spring tries to shorten again.
质点移动到最低点时，质点速度为零，位移为负，加速度达到最大。
1. Thevelocity, v,is zero where there are stationary points at the peaks and troughs of the displacement graph and the velocity is a maximum when the displacement is zero.(Don't forget the gradient of the displacement graph will equal velocity.)
速度为零的时候，是简谐运动停止的时候，位于波谷与波峰反映在位移与速度的图像上，换句话说就是速度等于零的时候位移达到最大。
2.The displacement and acceleration graphs are 180 degrees out of phase and therefore look like a mirror image of each other in the time axis.(Don't forget the gradient of the velocity graph will equal acceleration.)
位移与加速度的相位相差180度，就像镜面对称一样。
◆DefinitionofSimpleHarmonicMotion:简谐运动正式定义：
A body is undergoing SHM when the acceleration on the body is proportional to its displacement, but acts in the opposite direction.
如果一个物体在外力作用下，其加速度与它的位移成正比例关系，并且其所受力的方向与位移的方向相反，那么它的运动规律就是简谐运动。
Acceleration is proportional to displacement.
加速度与位移成正比例关系：
a α - s
It's also important to note that for SHM, the time period of the oscillations is constant and doesn't change even if the amplitude is changing.
特别需要注意的是，简谐振动的周期是一个与其振幅无关的物理量，它不随振幅的变化而变化。
以上就是小编为大家总结的ALevel物理考试简谐振动的知识点，希望考生们重视起来，除此之外，大家也要在平时多多积累词汇，打好基础。如果想要获取更多alevel经济教材、alevel国际课程等更多信息，大家可以线上咨询我们或继续关注网站更新的文章！
