ALevel化学反应机理的​17个定义

　　ALevel化学考试中，反应机理是常见的考点之一，但是也是化学中比较难理解的部分，备考难度也是很大的，要想理解反应机理，以下这17个定义是必备的知识点，下面就跟着小编一起来学习吧！

　　Functional group

　　a group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of an organic compound.

　　Homolytic fission

　　the splitting of a covalent bond where each atom retains one electron from the bonding pair.

　　Heterolytic fission

　　the splitting of a covalent bond where one atom retains both electrons from the bonding pair.

　　Free radical

　　an uncharged molecule with an unpaired electron.

　　Initiation

　　an initial chemical reaction which triggers further reactions.

　　Propagation

　　a secondary reaction where there is no net gain or loss of free radicals.

　　Termination

　　the final step in a chain reaction where a reactive intermediate is rendered inactive.

　　Nucleophile

　　a molecule or substance that donates electrons.

　　Electrophile

　　a molecule or substance that acts as an electron pair acceptor.

　　Addition

　　a reaction where two or more molecules react to form a larger molecule.

　　Substitution

　　a reaction where an atom or group is replaced by another atom or group.

　　Elimination

　　a reaction in which two substituents are removed from a molecule in a mechanism with one or two steps.

　　Hydrolysis

　　the splitting up of a compound or molecule using water.

　　Hydrolysis

　　the splitting up of a compound or molecule using water.

　　Condensation

　　the formation of a compound with the release of water.

　　Oxidation

　　the formation of a compound with the release of water.

　　Reduction

　　gain of electrons.

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